DRUG TESTING
(link to www.wada-ama.com)

Anti-doping programs seek to preserve what is intrinsically valuable about sport. Anti-Doping Rules, like Competition rules, are sport rules governing the conditions under which sport is played. Athletes accept these rules as a condition of participation.
- World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)

Introduction

The purpose of this information is to clearly outline the conditions and responsibilities as an INBA Member in relation to our Drug Policy. We define what is considered a drug violation, how the drug testing process occurs and what to do if your health requires your doctor to prescribe a banned drug (for a legitimate medical reason).

The corner stone behind the success of the INBA has been the resilience of our competitor's ethics. Our competitors chose the INBA because they value the concept of 'fair play', refuse to take drugs, have an awareness of the harmful effects of drug use and support the INBA's stringent drug testing and Doping Policy. The use of WADA testing, an independent agency, demonstrates our serious intent and endeavour to keep Natural Bodybuilding drug free and use the highest world standard available in drug detection.

The INBA conducts drug testing on the day of the contest as well as between contests. Click here to read the testing procedure (link to http://www.asda.org.au/athletes/testing.htm). Obviously, competitors who display characteristics associated with drug use will be on the list as well as top place getters.

In 1999, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was formed to take over the position and role the IOC played as the drug authority in sport. Since this time WADA has comprehensively rewritten the Doping substances, standards and protocols for sporting bodies, which are now referred to as the Code. On January 1st 2004 the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) authority came into force. As such, each Country and Sporting group must become a signatory of WADA to be able to compete in the 2004 Olympic games. The aim of WADA is to implement a Doping Policy that is standardised across all sports and all Countries. Furthermore all signatories uphold sanctions imposed by any WADA signatory; therefore a banned athlete, for the duration of the ban, cannot compete in another sport. The INBA has adapted the new WADA initiatives and is waiting for notification whether the INBA, a non-Olympic sporting body, will also be recognised as a signatory. Regardless, INBA Natural athletes will be subject to the same Doping rules and procedures as all Olympic sports.

A list of banned substances can be viewed by clicking WADA Code of Prohibited Substances (link to http://www.wada-ama.org/docs/web/standards_harmonization/code/list_standard_2004.pdf).. Drugs are listed by chemical name, not commercial name. As example, the anabolic steroid dianabol appears under its chemical name methandrostenolone. As a guideline: never take a substance of a chemical nature or containing a chemical ingredient without considering and checking if it may be a prohibited substance. We take a hard line with those who use drugs because competitors have a choice to compete with other bodybuilding organisations that do not drug test.

INBA Anti-Doping Rules (Summarised)

Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of these anti-doping rule violations. The full INBA Doping Policy can be viewed by clicking the link at the top of the page. These Anti-Doping Rules are in furtherance of INBA's continuing efforts to eradicate doping in the sport of Natural Bodybuilding. Note: Athletes admissions are now treated in accordance as evidence of a Doping rule violation.

1. The presence of a Prohibited Substance in an Athlete's bodily Specimen. It is each Athlete's personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited Substance enters his or her body. Accordingly, it is not necessary that intent, fault, negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete's part be demonstrated in order to establish an anti-doping violation.

2. Use or Attempted Use of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method. Defined as the application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

3. The success or failure of the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method is not material. It is sufficient that the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method was Used or Attempted to be Used for an anti-doping rule violation to be committed.

4. Refusing, or failing without compelling justification, to submit to Sample collection or otherwise evading Sample collection.

5. Violation of the requirements regarding Athlete availability for Between-Competition Testing including failure to provide required whereabouts information.

6. Tampering, or Attempting to tamper, with any part of Doping Control.

7. Possession of Prohibited Substances and Methods. Possession by an Athlete at any time or place of a substance that is prohibited or a Prohibited Method unless the Athlete establishes that the Possession is pursuant to a therapeutic use exemption or other acceptable justification.

8. Trafficking in any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method. Administration or Attempted administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method to any Athlete, or assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type of complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any Attempted violation.

Sanctions under WADA for drug violations can range from a warning to a LIFE ban. In the case that a prescribed sanction is less than our 'Condition of Membership' (5 years) the INBA will adhere to imposing the shorter sanction. This must be done to preserve the uniform code set by WADA, plus the sanction applied, effects the athletes eligibility to compete in every sport that is signatory to WADA. Regardless of a short (less than 5 years) ban being imposed by the INBA, a banned competitor may still have to wait up to five years to compete in the INBA in-order to satisfy our 5 year minimum drug free status.

Condition of INBA Membership - Polygraph and Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN)

The INBA insists athletes be a minimum of five (5) years free of any substance prohibited on the WADA Code of Prohibited Substances to be eligible to compete as a "Natural". The INBA uses Polygraph (lie detector) and SCAN testing, to establish an athlete's five-year drug free status. At any time, and any number of times throughout your membership you may be asked to sit and pass a polygraph and SCAN test as a Condition of Membership. Admissions made by competitors during these tests relating to their use of prohibited drugs are treated under the INBA Doping Policy.

In addition to Polygraphing, the INBA is the first organisation to bring the latest in 'truth deception' to Australia - SCAN - Scientific Content Analysis. This is a short questionnaire/answer technique currently used by elite Agencies, such as the FBI. The INBA has commissioned a FBI trained expert in deception to develop a SCAN program specifically for natural bodybuilding and the INBA. The advantage of SCAN is every competitor at a contest be screened, the analysis of the questionnaire can tell us if a competitor is deceptive about drug use and we can successfully profile members and more selectively target competitors for future drug testing. The questionnaire will be completed at Registration and analysed by a SCAN Investigator. You may be required to sit an interview based on your questionnaire results.

Sport Supplements

WADA cannot determine the status of supplement products in sport. Due to their multi-ingredient nature, supplements are considered to present more risk to athletes than registered pharmaceutical products. There is a risk that supplements may contain impurities, such as ingredients that are not listed on the label, which could cause a positive test. A 2001 International Olympic Committee study reported nearly 15 percent of supplement products tested contained substances not labelled that would result in a positive drug test.

It seems weekly, the latest development or unpronounceable ingredient name in supplementation is on the shelf for us to buy, but are they safe to use for drug-tested athletes? There are so many products that the experts are having trouble keeping abreast of the latest developments. Who should be responsible for substantiating their claims and drug-free status? Surely the manufacturer should be prepared to guarantee that their products do what they claim, include only those ingredients that appear on the label, and will not result in a positive drug test for an athlete. Some manufacturers are prepared to do this but many others do not. As with all drug-free and drug tested athletes, the onus falls on your vigilance.

Steps to prevent inadvertently taking a prohibited substance in the form of a Food/Sports Supplement:

1) Contact the company who makes or distributes the product. The manufacturer/distributor should know what they have made and whether it will pass a drug test. If they do not know or they do not guarantee - better in writing - their product will pass a drug test, do not use the product. End of story - they have not done research into what they have put in the bottle and not acted with due diligence towards the consumer.

2) If you do not get a satisfying answer and you are still interested in using the product contact the INBA Head Office for an opinion.

3) Don't risk your proud reputation on an unknown ingredient or supplement without a drug-free guarantee.

Therapeutic Use

The Code permits Athletes and their physicians to apply for Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUE) ie. permission to use, for therapeutic purposes, substances or methods contained in the List of Prohibited Substances or Methods whose use is otherwise prohibited. A TUE must be submitted when the athlete joins (and every 12 months thereafter) or needs to commence using the medication. In either situation, the application must be submitted no less than 21 days before participating in an event. A TUE form can be downloaded or apply to INBA Head Office for a copy. There are two type of applications.

(1) An abbreviated or ATUE. Click here to download. This completed form should be sent to INBA Head Office. (link to http://www.wada-ama.org/docs/web/standards_harmonization/code/tue/tue_v3_abbreviated.pdf) This is solely for Athletes who require the legitimate use of: · an inhaled asthma medication (formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutaline) · a non-systemic glucocorticosteroid (anal, aural, dermatological, inhalation, intra-articular, nasal and ophthalmological administration; glucocorticosteroids are contained in some anti-inflammatory preparations)

(2) A Standard TUE for all other medicial situations. Click here to download. This completed form should be sent to ASDMAC - not the INBA. (link to http://www.asdmac.org.au/assets/ASDMAC_app_form.pdf)

In granting a standard Therapeutic Use Exemption, ASDMAC will consider (amongst other) matters (i) The amount of impairment to health if the prohibited substance or method were to be withheld. (ii) The substance will produce no additional enhancement other than that, which might be anticipated by the return to a state of normal health following the treatment. Note: The use of a prohibited substance to increase "low-normal" levels of any endogenous hormone is not considered acceptable therapeutic intervention. (iii) There is no reasonable therapeutic alternative to the use of the otherwise prohibited substance.

INBA DRUG POLICY (Full Version)

INTRODUCTION Preface Fundamental Rationale for the Code and INBA's Anti-Doping Rules Scope

ARTICLE 1 DEFINITION OF DOPING
ARTICLE 2 ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATION
ARTICLE 3 PROOF OF DOPING
ARTICLE 4 THE PROHIBITED LIST
ARTICLE 5 TESTING
ARTICLE 6 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES
ARTICLE 7 RESULTS MANAGEMENT
ARTICLE 8 RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING
ARTICLE 9 AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS
ARTICLE 10 SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS
ARTICLE 11 NOT APPLICABLE
ARTICLE 12 SANCTIONS AGAINST NATIONAL FEDERATIONS
ARTICLE 13 APPEALS
ARTICLE 14 NATIONAL FEDERATIONS INCORPORATION OF INBA RULES, REPORTING & RECOGNITION
ARTICLE 15 RECOGNITION OF DECISIONS BY OTHER ORGANISATIONS
ARTICLE 16 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS
ARTICLE 17 INBA Compliance Reports to WADA
ARTICLE 18 AMENDMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF ANTI-DOPING RULES.17
APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS
APPENDIX 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT
INBA ANTI-DOPING RULES

INTRODUCTION
Preface
At the INBA Congress held on 10/11/2003 in New Zealand, INBA accepted the World Anti-Doping Code (the "Code"). These Anti-Doping Rules are adopted and implemented in conformance with INBA's responsibilities under the Code, and are in furtherance of INBA's continuing efforts to eradicate doping in the sport of Natural Bodybuilding. Anti-Doping Rules, like Competition rules, are sport rules governing the conditions under which sport is played. Athletes accept these rules as a condition of participation. Anti-Doping Rules are not intended to be subject to or limited by the requirements and legal standards applicable to criminal proceedings or employment matters. The policies and minimum standards set forth in the Code and implemented in these Anti-Doping Rules represent the consensus of a broad spectrum of stakeholders with an interest in fair sport and should be respected by all courts and adjudicating bodies.

Fundamental Rationale for the Code and INBA's Anti-Doping Rules

Anti-doping programs seek to preserve what is intrinsically valuable about sport. This intrinsic value is often referred to as "the spirit of sport"; it is the essence of Olympism; it is how we play true. The spirit of sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind, and is characterized by the following values:

· Ethics, fair play and honesty
· Health
· Excellence in performance
· Character and education
· Fun and joy
· Teamwork
· Dedication and commitment
· Respect for rules and laws
· Respect for self and other participants
· Courage
· Community and solidarity

Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport.

Scope

These Anti-Doping Rules shall apply to INBA, each National Federation of INBA, and each Participant in the activities of INBA or any of its National Federations by virtue of the Participant's membership, accreditation, or participation in INBA, its National Federations, or their activities or Events.

ARTICLE 1 DEFINITION OF DOPING

Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violations set forth in Article 2.1 through Article 2.8 of these Anti-Doping Rules.

ARTICLE 2 ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS

The following constitute anti-doping rule violations:
2.1 The presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete's bodily Specimen

2.1.1 It is each Athlete's personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited Substance enters his or her body. Athletes are responsible for any Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found to be present in their bodily Specimens. Accordingly, it is not necessary that intent, fault, negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete's part be demonstrated in order to establish an anti-doping violation under Article 2.1.

2.1.2 Excepting those substances for which a quantitative reporting threshold is specifically identified in the Prohibited List, the detected presence of any quantity of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete's Sample shall constitute an anti-doping rule violation.

2.1.3 As an exception to the general rule of Article 2.1, the Prohibited List may establish special criteria for the evaluation of Prohibited Substances that can also be produced endogenously.

2.2 Use or Attempted Use of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method. (defined as the application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

2.2.1 The success or failure of the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method is not material. It is sufficient that the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method was Used or Attempted to be Used for an anti-doping rule violation to be committed.

2.3 Refusing, or failing without compelling justification, to submit to Sample collection after notification as authorized in these Anti-Doping Rules or otherwise evading Sample collection.

2.4 Violation of the requirements regarding Athlete availability for Between-Competition Testing including failure to provide required whereabouts information set forth in Article 5.5 (Athlete whereabouts requirements) and missed tests which are declared based on reasonable rules.

2.4 Tampering, or Attempting to tamper, with any part of Doping Control.

2.6 Possession of Prohibited Substances and Methods

2.6.1 Possession by an Athlete at any time or place of a substance that is prohibited or a Prohibited Method unless the Athlete establishes that the Possession is pursuant to a therapeutic use exemption granted in accordance with Article 4.4 (Therapeutic Use) or other acceptable justification.

2.6.2 Possession of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method by Athlete Support Personnel in connection with an Athlete, Event or training, unless the Athlete Support Personnel establishes that the Possession is pursuant to a therapeutic use exemption granted to an Athlete in accordance with Article 4.4 (Therapeutic Use) or other acceptable justification.

2.7 Trafficking in any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

2.8 Administration or Attempted administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method to any Athlete, or assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type of complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any Attempted violation.

ARTICLE 3 PROOF OF DOPING

3.1 Burdens and Standards of Proof INBA and its National Federations shall have the burden of establishing that an anti-doping rule violation has occurred. The standard of proof shall be whether INBA or its National Federation has established an anti-doping rule violation to the comfortable satisfaction of the hearing body bearing in mind the seriousness of the allegation which is made. This standard of proof in all cases is greater than a mere balance of probability but less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Where these Rules place the burden of proof upon the Athlete or other Person alleged to have committed an anti-doping rule violation to rebut a presumption or establish specified facts or circumstances, the standard of proof shall be by a balance of probability.

3.2 Methods of Establishing Facts and Presumptions Facts related to anti-doping rule violations may be established by any reliable means, including admissions. The following rules of proof shall be applicable in doping cases:

3.2.1 WADA-accredited laboratories are presumed to have conducted Sample analysis and custodial procedures in accordance with the International Standard for laboratory analysis. The Athlete may rebut this presumption by establishing that a departure from the International Standard occurred. If the Athlete rebuts the preceding presumption by showing that a departure from the International Standard occurred, then INBA or its National Federation shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding.

3.2.2 Departures from the International Standard for Testing which did not cause an Adverse Analytical Finding or other anti-doping rule violation shall not invalidate such results. If the Athlete establishes that departures from the International Standard occurred during Testing then INBA or its National Federation shall have the burden to establish that such departures did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding or the factual basis for the anti-doping rule violation.

ARTICLE 4 THE PROHIBITED LIST

4.1 Incorporation of the Prohibited List

These Anti-Doping Rules incorporate the Prohibited List, which is published and revised by WADA as described in Article 4.1 of the Code. INBA will make the current Prohibited List available to each National Federation, and each National Federation shall ensure that the current Prohibited List is available to its members and constituents.

4.2 Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods Identified on the Prohibited List Unless provided otherwise in the Prohibited List and/or a revision, the Prohibited List and revisions shall go into effect under these Anti-Doping Rules.

4.3 Criteria for Including Substances and Methods on the Prohibited List As provided in Article 4.4.3 of the Code, WADA's determination of the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods that will be included on the Prohibited List shall be final and shall not be subject to challenge by an Athlete or other Person.

4.4 Therapeutic Use

4.4.1 Athletes with a documented medical condition requiring the use of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method must first obtain a Therapeutic Use Exemption ("TUE").

4.4.2 Athletes must obtain a TUE from INBA. 4.4.3 The INBA Executive shall appoint ASDMAC a panel of physicians to consider requests for TUE's (the "TUE Panel"). Upon INBA's receipt of a TUE request, the Chair of the TUE Panel shall appoint one or more members of the TUE Panel (which may include the Chair) to consider such request. The TUE Panel member(s) so designated shall promptly evaluate such request in accordance with the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions and render a decision on such request, which shall be the final decision of INBA.

4.4.3.1 Athlete should apply to INBA for the TUE at the same time the Athlete first provides Membership information to the INBA and, except in emergency situations, no later than 21 days before the Athlete's participation at an Event.

4.4.4 WADA, at the request of an Athlete or on its own initiation, may review the granting or denial of any TUE to an Athlete. If WADA determines that the granting or denial of a TUE did not comply with the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions in force at the time then WADA may reverse that decision. Decisions on TUE's are subject to further appeal as provided in Article 13.

ARTICLE 5 TESTING

5.1 Authority to Test All Athletes affiliated shall be subject to In-Competition Testing by INBA, the Athlete's National Federation, and any other Anti-Doping Organization responsible for Testing at a Competition or Event in which they participate. All Athletes affiliated with a National Federation shall also be subject to Between-Competition Testing at any time or place, with or without advance notice by INBA, WADA, and the Athlete's National Federation, the National Anti-Doping Organization of any country where the Athlete is present.

5.2 Responsibility for INBA Testing

The INBA shall be responsible for overseeing all Testing. Testing may be conducted by nominees of the INBA or by other qualified persons so authorized by INBA.

5.3 Testing Standards Testing conducted by INBA (including it's appointed anti-doping organization) shall be in substantial conformity with the International Standard for Testing in force at the time of Testing.

5.3.1 Polygraph, SCAN and Blood (or other non-urine) testing may be used either to detect Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods or for screening procedure purposes only.

5.4 Coordination of Testing

INBA (including it's appointed anti-doping organization) shall promptly report completed tests through the WADA clearinghouse to avoid unnecessary duplication in Testing.

5.5 Intentionally left blank

5.6 Intentionally left blank

5.7 Selection of Athletes to be Tested

5.7.1 At International Events, the INBA shall determine the number of finishing placement tests, random tests and target tests to be performed.

The INBA shall target a certain number of athletes not necessarily linked to final placements in order to maximize the diversity of athletes tested or based on information provided by the WADA Clearinghouse on previous tests.

5.7.2 At National Events, each National Federation shall determine the number of Athletes selected for Testing in each Competition and the procedures for selecting the Athletes for Testing.

5.7.3 In addition to the selection procedures set forth in Articles 5.7.1 and 5.7.2 above, the INBA at International Events, and the National Federation at National Events, may also select Athletes or teams for Target Testing so long as such Target Testing is not used for any purpose other than legitimate Doping Control purposes.

5.7.4 Athletes shall be selected for Between-Competition Testing by the INBA and by National Federations through a process that substantially complies with the International Standard for Testing in force at the time of selection.

5.8 National Federations and the organizing committees for National Federation Events shall provide access to Independent Observers at Events as directed by INBA.

ARTICLE 6 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES

Doping Control Samples collected under these Anti-Doping Rules shall be analyzed in accordance with the following principles:

6.1 Use of Approved Laboratories

Doping Control Samples will be sent for analysis only to WADA-accredited laboratories or as otherwise approved by WADA. The choice of the WADA-accredited laboratory (or other method approved by WADA) used for the Sample analysis shall be determined either by the INBA or the National anti doping organization of the country.

6.2 Substances Subject to Detection

Doping Control Samples shall be analyzed to detect Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods identified on the Prohibited List.

6.3 Research on Samples

No Sample may be used for any purpose other than the detection of substances (or classes of substances) or methods on the Prohibited List, or as otherwise identified by WADA pursuant to its Monitoring Program, without the Athlete's written consent.

6.4 Standards for Sample Analysis and Reporting

Laboratories shall analyze Doping Control Samples and report results in conformity with the International Standard for Laboratory Analysis.

ARTICLE 7 RESULTS MANAGEMENT

7.1 Results Management for Tests. Results management for Tests (including Tests performed by WADA pursuant to agreement with INBA) shall proceed as set forth below:

7.1.1 The results from all analyses must be sent to INBA (or it's appointed anti-doping organization) in a report signed by an authorised representative of the laboratory. All communication must be conducted in such a way that the results of the analyses are confidential.

7.1.2 Upon receipt of an A Sample Adverse Analytical Finding, the INBA [Anti-Doping Administrator] or [INBA Independent Doping Review Panel] shall conduct a review to determine whether: (a) an applicable therapeutic use exemption has been granted, or (b) there is any apparent departure from the International Standards for Testing or Laboratory Analysis that undermines the validity of the Adverse Analytical Finding.

7.1.2.1 The INBA Executive shall appoint an Independent Doping Review Panel consisting of 1 person with anti doping knowledge, 1 legal person, 1 person with sport knowledge (no knowledge of the athlete or case), and, 1 person who is completely objective (no knowledge of sport or anti doping). In each case the Chair of the panel shall appoint 1 or more members of the panel (which may include the Chair) to conduct the review discussed in Articles 7.1.2, 7.1.8, 7.1.9 and 7.1.10 and to review any other potential violations of these Anti-Doping Rules as may be requested by INBA.

7.1.3 If the initial review under Article 7.1.2 does not reveal an applicable therapeutic use exemption or departure from the International Standard for Testing or the International Standard for laboratory analysis in force at the time of Testing or analysis that undermines the validity of the Adverse Analytical Finding, INBA shall promptly notify the Athlete of: (a) the Adverse Analytical Finding; (b) the anti-doping rule violated, or, in a case under Articles 7.1.8 or 7.1.9, a description of the additional investigation that will be conducted as to whether there is an anti-doping rule violation; (c) the Athlete's right to promptly request the analysis of the B Sample or, failing such request, that the B Sample analysis may be deemed waived; (d) the right of the Athlete and/or the Athlete's representative to attend the B Sample opening and analysis INBA such analysis is requested; and (e) the Athlete's right to request copies of the A and B Sample laboratory documentation package which includes information as required by the International Standard for Laboratory Analysis.

7.1.4 Arrangements shall be made for Testing the B Sample within three weeks of the notification described in Article 7.1.3. An Athlete may accept the A Sample analytical results by waiving the requirement for B Sample analysis. INBA may nonetheless elect to proceed with the B Sample analysis.

7.1.5 The Athlete and/or his representative shall be allowed to be present at the analysis of the B Sample. Also a representative of the Athlete's National Federation as well as a representative of INBA shall be allowed to be present.

7.1.6 If the B Sample proves negative, the entire test shall be considered negative and the Athlete and INBA shall be so informed.

7.1.7 If a Prohibited Substance or the Use of a Prohibited Method is identified, the findings shall be reported to the Athlete, his National Federation, INBA, and to WADA.

7.1.8 The INBA [Anti-Doping Administrator] or [INBA Independent Review Panel] shall conduct any follow-up investigation as may be required by the Prohibited List. Upon completion of such follow-up investigation, INBA shall promptly notify the Athlete regarding the results of the follow-up investigation and whether or not INBA asserts that an anti-doping rule was violated.

7.1.9 For apparent anti-doping rule violations that do not involve Adverse Analytical Findings, INBA shall conduct any necessary follow-up investigation and shall then promptly notify the Athlete of the anti-doping rule which appears to have been violated, and the basis of the violation.

7.2 Results Management for Tests Initiated During Other International Events

Results management and the conduct of hearings from a test by the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, or a Major Event Organization, shall be managed, as far as sanctions beyond Disqualification from the Event or the results of the Event, by INBA.

7.3 Results Management for Tests initiated by National Federations

Results management conducted by National Federations shall be consistent with the general principles for effective and fair results management which underlie the detailed provisions set forth in Article 7.1. Results of all Doping Controls shall be reported to INBA within 14 days of the conclusion of the National Federation's results management process. Any apparent anti-doping rule violation by an Athlete who is a member of that National Federation shall be promptly referred to an appropriate hearing panel established pursuant to the rules of the National Federation or national law. Apparent anti-doping rule violations by Athletes who are members of another National Federation [shall be referred to the Athlete's National Federation] for hearing.

7.4 Provisional Suspensions

The INBA [Executive], after consultation with the [INBA Anti-Doping Administrator] [INBA Independent Review Panel], may Provisionally Suspend an Athlete prior to the opportunity for a full hearing based on a competitor's admission/s or an Adverse Analytical Finding from the Athlete's A Sample or A and B Samples and the review described in Article 7.1. If a Provisional Suspension is imposed, either the hearing in accordance with Article 8 shall be advanced to a date which avoids substantial prejudice to the Athlete, or the Athlete shall be given an opportunity for a Provisional Hearing before imposition of the Provisional Suspension or on a timely basis after imposition of the Provisional Suspension. National Federations may impose Provisional Suspensions in accordance with the principles set forth in this Article 7.3.

ARTICLE 8 RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING

8.1 When it appears, following the results management process described in Article 7, that these Anti-Doping Rules have been violated, the Athlete or other Person involved shall be brought before a disciplinary panel of the Athlete or other Person's National Federation for a hearing to adjudicate whether a violation of these Anti-Doping Rules occurred and if so what Consequences should be imposed. Such hearing process shall respect the following principles:

· a timely hearing; · fair and impartial hearing body;

· the right to be represented by counsel at the Person's own expense;

· the right to be fairly and timely informed of the asserted anti-doping rule violation;

· the right to respond to the asserted anti-doping rule violation and resulting Consequences;

· the right of each party to present evidence, including the right to call and question witnesses (subject to the hearing body's discretion to accept testimony by telephone or written submission);

· the Person's right to an interpreter at the hearing, with the Doping Panel to determine the identity, and responsibility for the cost of the interpreter; and

· a timely, written, reasoned decision.

8.2 Hearings pursuant to this Article shall be completed expeditiously and in all cases within three months of the completion of the Results Management process described in Article 7. Hearings held in connection with Events may be conducted by an expedited process. If the completion of the hearing is delayed beyond three months, INBA may elect, if the Athlete is an International Level Athlete, to bring the case directly to a single arbitrator from the Court of Arbitration for Sport. The case before the Court of Arbitration for Sport shall be handled in accordance with the Court of Arbitration for Sport appeal procedure without reference to any time limit for appeal. If the completion of the hearing is delayed beyond three months, and the Athlete is not an International Level Athlete, INBA may elect to bring the case directly to the national level appellate body referenced in Article 13.2.2. In either case, the hearing shall proceed at the responsibility of and the expense of the National Federation. In either case the appeal from such decision shall be to the Court of Arbitration for Sport.

8.3 National Federations shall keep INBA (International) fully apprised as to the status of pending cases and the results of all hearings.

8.4 INBA (International) shall have the right to attend hearings as an observer.

8.5 The Athlete or other Person may forego a hearing by acknowledging the violation of these Anti-Doping Rules and accepting Consequences consistent with Articles 9 and 10 as proposed by the National Federation.

8.6 Decisions by National Federations, whether as the result of a hearing or the Athlete or other Person's acceptance of Consequences, may be appealed as provided in Article 13.

ARTICLE 9 AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS

A violation of these Anti-Doping Rules in connection with an In-Competition test automatically leads to Disqualification of the individual result obtained in that Competition with all resulting consequences, including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes.

ARTICLE 10 SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS

10.1 Disqualification of Results in Event During which an Anti-Doping Rule Violation Occurs An Anti-Doping Rule violation occurring during or in connection with an Event may lead to Disqualification of all of the Athlete's individual results obtained in that Event with all consequences, including forfeiture of all medals, points and prizes, except as provided in Article 10.1.1.

10.1.1 If the Athlete establishes that he or she bears No Fault or Negligence for the violation, the Athlete's individual results in the other Competition shall not be Disqualified unless the Athlete's results in Competition other than the Competition in which the anti-doping rule violation occurred were likely to have been affected by the Athlete's anti-doping rule violation.

10.2 Imposition of Ineligibility for Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods

Except for the specified substances identified in Article 10.3, the period of Ineligibility imposed for a violation of Article 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers), Article 2.2 (Use or Attempted Use of Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method) and Article 2.6 (Possession of Prohibited Substances and Methods) shall be:

First violation: Two (2) years Ineligibility.

Second violation: Lifetime Ineligibility.

However, the Athlete or other Person shall have the opportunity in each case, before a period of Ineligibility is imposed, to establish the basis for eliminating or reducing this sanction as provided in Article 10.5.

10.3 Specified Substances

The Prohibited List may identify specified substances which are particularly susceptible to unintentional anti-doping rules violations because of their general availability in medicinal products or which are less likely to be successfully abused as doping agents. Where an Athlete can establish that the Use of such a specified substance was not intended to enhance sport performance, the period of Ineligibility found in Article 10.2 shall be replaced with the following:

First violation: At a minimum, a warning and reprimand and no period of Ineligibility from future Events, and at a maximum, one (1) year's Ineligibility.

Second violation: Two (2) years' Ineligibility.

Third violation: Lifetime Ineligibility.

However, the Athlete or other Person shall have the opportunity in each case, before a period of Ineligibility is imposed, to establish the basis for eliminating or reducing (in the case of a second or third violation) this sanction as provided in Article 10.5.

10.4 Ineligibility for Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations The period of Ineligibility for other violations of these Anti-Doping Rules shall be:

10.4.1 For violations of Article 2.3 (refusing or failing to submit to Sample collection) or Article 2.5 (Tampering with Doping Control), the Ineligibility periods set forth in Article 10.2 shall apply.

10.4.2 For violations of Article 2.7 (Trafficking) or Article 2.8 (administration of Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method), the period of Ineligibility imposed shall be a minimum of four (4) years up to lifetime Ineligibility. An anti-doping rule violation involving a Minor shall be considered a particularly serious violation, and, if committed by Athlete Support Personnel for violations other than specified substances referenced in Article 10.3, shall result in lifetime Ineligibility for such Athlete Support Personnel. In addition, violations of such Articles, which also violate non-sporting laws and regulations, may be reported to the competent administrative, professional or judicial authorities.

10.4.3 For violations of Article 2.4 (Whereabouts Violations or Missed Tests), the period of Ineligibility shall be: First violation: (1) year Ineligibility. Second and subsequent violations: Two (2) years' Ineligibility.

10.5 Elimination or Reduction of Period of Ineligibility Based on Exceptional Circumstances

10.5.1 If the Athlete establishes in an individual case involving an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers) or Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method under Article 2.2 that he or she bears No Fault or Negligence for the violation, the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility shall be eliminated. When a Prohibited Substance or its Markers or Metabolites is detected in an Athlete's Specimen in violation of Article 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance), the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered his or her system in order to have the period of Ineligibility eliminated. In the event this Article is applied and the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable is eliminated, the anti-doping rule violation shall not be considered a violation for the limited purpose of determining the period of Ineligibility for multiple violations under Article 10.2, 10.3 and 10.6.

10.5.2 This Article 10.5.2 applies only to anti-doping rule violations involving Article 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers), Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method under Article 2.2, failing to submit to Sample collection under Article 2.3, or administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method under Article 2.8. If an Athlete establishes in an individual case involving such violations that he or she bears No Significant Fault or Negligence, then the period of Ineligibility may be reduced, but the reduced period of Ineligibility may not be less than one-half of the minimum period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable. If the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the reduced period under this section may be no less than 8 years. When a Prohibited Substance or its Markers or Metabolites is detected in an Athlete's Specimen in violation of Article 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance), the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered his or her system in order to have the period of Ineligibility reduced.

10.5.3 The INBA [Executive] [INBA Doping Hearing Panel] may also reduce the period of Ineligibility in an individual case where the Athlete has provided substantial assistance to INBA which results in INBA discovering or establishing an anti-doping rule violation by another Person involving Possession under Article 2.6.2 (Possession by Athlete Support Personnel), Article 2.7 (Trafficking), or Article 2.8 (administration to an Athlete). The reduced period of Ineligibility may not, however, be less than one-half of the minimum period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable. If the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the reduced period under this Article may be no less than 8 years.

10.6 Rules for Certain Potential Multiple Violations

10.6.1 For purposes of imposing sanctions under Article 10.2, 10.3 and 10.4, a second anti-doping rule violation may be considered for purposes of imposing sanctions only if the INBA (or its National Federation) can establish that the Athlete or other Person committed the second anti-doping rule violation after the Athlete or other Person received notice, or after INBA (or its National Federation) made a reasonable attempt to give notice, of the first anti-doping rule violation; if the INBA (or its National Federation) cannot establish this, the violations shall be considered as one single first violation, and the sanction imposed shall be based on the violation that carries the more severe sanction.

10.6.2 Where an Athlete, based on the same Doping Control, is found to have committed an anti-doping rule violation involving both a specified substance under Article 10.3 and another Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, the Athlete shall be considered to have committed a single anti-doping rule violation, but the sanction imposed shall be based on the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method that carries the most severe sanction.

10.6.3 Where an Athlete is found to have committed two separate anti-doping rule violations, one involving a specified substance governed by the sanctions set forth in Article 10.3 (specified substances) and the other involving a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method governed by the sanctions set forth in Article 10.2 or a violation governed by the sanctions in Article 10.4.1, the period of Ineligibility imposed for the second offence shall be at a minimum two years' Ineligibility and at a maximum three years' Ineligibility. Any Athlete found to have committed a third anti-doping rule violation involving any combination of specified substances under Article 10.3 and any other anti-doping rule violation under Article 10.2 or 10.4.1 shall receive a sanction of lifetime Ineligibility.

10.7 Disqualification of Results in Competitions Subsequent to Sample Collection

In addition to the automatic Disqualification of the results in the Competition which produced the positive Sample under Article 9 (Automatic Disqualification of Individual Results), all other competitive results obtained from the date a positive Sample was collected (whether In-Competition or Between-Competition), or other doping violation occurred, through the commencement of any Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility period, shall, unless fairness requires otherwise, be Disqualified with all of the resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes.

10.8 Commencement of Ineligibility Period

The period of Ineligibility shall start on the date of the hearing decision providing for Ineligibility or, if the hearing is waived, on the date Ineligibility is accepted or otherwise imposed. Any period of Provisional Suspension (whether imposed or voluntarily accepted) shall be credited against the total period of Ineligibility to be served. Where required by fairness, such as delays in the hearing process or other aspects of Doping Control not attributable to the Athlete, the INBA or Anti-Doping Organization imposing the sanction may start the period of Ineligibility at an earlier date commencing as early as the date of Sample collection.

10.9 Status During Ineligibility

No Person who has been declared Ineligible may, during the period of Ineligibility, participate in any capacity in an Event or activity (other than authorized anti-doping education or rehabilitation programs) authorized or organized by INBA or any National Federation. In addition, for any anti-doping rule violation not involving specified substances described in Article 10.3, some or all sport-related financial support or other sport-related benefits received by such Person will be withheld by INBA and its National Federations. A Person subject to a period of Ineligibility longer than four years may, after completing four years of the period of Ineligibility, participate in local sport events in a sport other than sports subject to the jurisdictions of INBA and its National Federations, but only so long as the local sport event is not at a level that could otherwise qualify such Person directly or indirectly to compete in (or accumulate points toward) a national championship or International Event.

10.10 Reinstatement Testing

As a condition to regaining eligibility at the end of a specified period of Ineligibility, an Athlete must, during any period of Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility, make him or herself available for Between-Competition Testing by INBA, the applicable National Federation, and any other Anti-Doping Organization having Testing jurisdiction, and must provide current and accurate whereabouts information as provided in Article 5.5. If an Athlete subject to a period of Ineligibility retires from sport and is removed from Between-Competition Testing pools and later seeks reinstatement, the Athlete shall not be eligible for reinstatement until the Athlete has notified INBA and the applicable National Federation and has been subject to Between-Competition Testing for a period of time equal to the longer of the period set forth in Article 5.6 or the period of Ineligibility remaining as of the date the Athlete had retired.

ARTICLE 11 Intentionally left blank.

ARTICLE 12 SANCTIONS AGAINST NATIONAL FEDERATIONS

12.1 The INBA (International) has the authority to withhold funding or other non financial support to National Federations that are not in compliance with these Anti-Doping Rules.

12.2 INBA (International) may elect to take additional disciplinary action against National Federations with respect to recognition, the eligibility of its officials and athletes to participate in International Events and fines based on multiple violations of these Anti-Doping Rules.

ARTICLE 13 APPEALS

13.1 Decisions Subject to Appeal

Decisions made under these Anti-Doping Rules may be appealed as set forth below in Article 13.2 through 13.4. Such decisions shall remain in effect while under appeal unless the appellate body orders otherwise. Before an appeal is commenced, any post-decision review authorized in Article [8.7] [8.2.7] must be exhausted.

13.2 Appeals from Decisions Regarding Anti-Doping Rule Violations, Consequences, and Provisional Suspensions

A decision that an anti-doping rule violation was committed, a decision imposing Consequences for an anti-doping rule violation, a decision that no anti-doping rule violation was committed, a decision that the INBA or its National Federation lacks jurisdiction to rule on an alleged anti-doping rule violation or its Consequences, [and a decision to impose a Provisional Suspension as a result of a Provisional Hearing or otherwise in violation of Article 7.4] may be appealed exclusively as provided in this Article 13.2. [Notwithstanding any other provision herein, the only Person that may appeal from a Provisional Suspension is the Athlete or other Person upon whom the Provisional Suspension is imposed.]

13.2.1 In cases arising from competition in an International Event or in cases involving International-Level Athletes, the decision may be appealed exclusively to the Court of Arbitration for Sport ("CAS") in accordance with the provisions applicable before such court.

13.2.2 In cases involving Athletes that do not have a right to appeal under Article 13.2.1, each National Federation shall have in place an appeal procedure that respects the following principles: a timely hearing, a fair and impartial hearing body; the right to be represented by a counsel at the person's expense; and a timely, written, reasoned decision. If's rights of appeal with respect to these cases are set forth in Article 13.2.3 below.

13.2.3 In cases under Article 13.2.1, the following parties shall have the right to appeal to CAS: (a) the Athlete or other Person who is the subject of the decision being appealed; (b) the other party to the case in which the decision was rendered; (c) INBA and any other Anti-Doping Organization under whose rules a sanction could have been imposed; (d) the International Olympic Committee or International Paralympic Committee, as applicable, where the decision may have an effect in relation to the Olympic Games or Paralympic Games, including decisions affecting eligibility for the Olympic Games or Paralympic Games; and (e) WADA. In cases under Article 13.2.2, the parties having the right to appeal to the national-level reviewing body shall be as provided in the National Federation's rules but, at a minimum, shall include: (a) the Athlete or other Person who is the subject of the decision being appealed; (b) the other party to the case in which the decision was rendered; (c) INBA; and (d) WADA. For cases under Article 13.2.2, WADA and INBA shall also have the right to appeal to CAS with respect to the decision of the national-level reviewing body.

13.3 Appeals from Decisions Granting or Denying a Therapeutic Use Exemption

Decisions by WADA reversing the grant or denial of a TUE exemption may be appealed exclusively to CAS by the Athlete, INBA, or National Anti-Doping Organization or other body designated by a National Federation, which granted or denied the exemption. Decisions to deny therapeutic use exemptions, and which are not reversed by WADA, may be appealed by International-Level Athletes to CAS and by other Athletes to the national level reviewing body described in Article 13.2.2. If the national level reviewing body reverses the decision to deny a therapeutic use exemption, that decision may be appealed to CAS by WADA.

13.4 Appeal from Decisions Pursuant to Article 12

Decisions by INBA pursuant to Article 12 may be appealed exclusively to CAS by the National Federation.

13.5 Time for Filing Appeals

The time to file an appeal to CAS shall be twenty-one (21) days from the date of receipt of the decision by the appealing party. The above notwithstanding, the following shall apply in connection with appeals filed by a party entitled to appeal but which was not a party to the proceedings having lead to the decision subject to appeal:

a) Within ten (10) days from notice of the decision, such party/ies shall have the right to request from the body having issued the decision a copy of the file on which such body relied;

b) If such a request is made within the ten-day period, then the party making such request shall have twenty-one (21) days from receipt of the file to file an appeal to CAS.

ARTICLE 14 NATIONAL FEDERATIONS INCORPORATION OF INBA RULES, REPORTING AND RECOGNITION

14.1 Incorporation of INBA Anti-Doping Rules All National Federations shall comply with these Anti-Doping Rules. These Anti-Doping Rules shall also be incorporated either directly or by reference into each National Federations Rules. All National Federations shall include in their regulations the procedural rules necessary to effectively implement these Anti-Doping Rules. Each National Federation shall obtain the written acknowledgment and agreement, in the form attached as Appendix 1, of all Athletes subject to Doping Control and Athlete Support Personnel for such Athletes. Notwithstanding whether or not the required form has been signed, the Rules of each National Federation shall specifically provide that all Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and other Persons under the jurisdiction of the National Federation shall be bound by these Anti-Doping Rules.

14.2 Statistical Reporting National Federations shall report to INBA (International) at the end of every year (December 31) results of all Doping Controls within their jurisdiction sorted by Athlete and identifying each date on which the Athlete was tested, the entity conducting the test, and whether the test was In-Competition or Between-Competition. INBA may periodically publish Testing data received from National Federations as well as comparable data from Testing under INBA's jurisdiction.

14.3 Doping Control Information Clearing House When a National Federation has received an Adverse Analytical Finding on one of its Athletes it shall report the following information to INBA and WADA within fourteen (14) days of the process described in Article 7.1.2 and 7.1.3: the Athlete's name, country, sport and discipline within the sport, whether the test was In-Competition or Between-Competition, the date of Sample collection and the analytical result reported by the laboratory. The National Federation shall also regularly update INBA and WADA on the status and findings of any review or proceedings conducted pursuant to Article 7 (Results Management), Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing) or Article 13 (Appeals), and comparable information shall be provided to INBA and WADA within 14 days of the notification described in Article 7.1.9, with respect to other violations of these Anti-Doping Rules. In any case in which the period of Ineligibility is eliminated under Article 10.5.1 (No Fault or Negligence) or reduced under Article 10.5.2 (No Significant Fault or Negligence), INBA and WADA shall be provided with a written reasoned decision explaining the basis for the elimination or reduction. Neither INBA nor WADA shall disclose this information beyond those persons within their organisations with a need to know until the National Federation has made public disclosure or has failed to make public disclosure as required in Article 14.4 below.

14.4 Public Disclosure Neither INBA nor its National Federation shall publicly identify Athletes whose Samples have resulted in Adverse Analytical Findings, or who were alleged to have violated other Articles of these Anti-Doping Rules until it has been determined in a hearing in accordance with Article 8 that an anti-doping rule violation has occurred, or such hearing has been waived, or the assertion of an anti-doping rule violation has not been timely challenged [or the Athlete has been Provisionally Suspended]. Once a violation of these Anti-Doping Rules has been established, it shall be publicly reported within 20 days.

14.5 Recognition of Decisions by INBA and National Federations Any decision of INBA or a National Federation regarding a violation of these Anti-Doping Rules shall be recognized by all National Federations, which shall take all necessary action to render such results effective.

ARTICLE 15 RECOGNITION OF DECISIONS BY OTHER ORGANISATIONS Subject to the right to appeal provided in Article 13, the Testing, therapeutic use exemptions and hearing results or other final adjudications of any Signatory to the Code which are consistent with the Code and are within the Signatory's authority, shall be recognised and respected by INBA and its National Federations. INBA and its National Federations may recognize the same actions of other bodies, which have not accepted the Code INBA the rules of those bodies are otherwise consistent with the Code.

ARTICLE 16 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS No action may be commenced under these Anti-Doping Rules against an Athlete or other Person for a violation of an anti-doping rule contained in these Anti-Doping Rules unless such action is commenced within eight years from the date the violation occurred.

ARTICLE 17 INBA COMPLIANCE REPORTS TO WADA The INBA will report to WADA on the INBA's compliance with the Code every second year and shall explain reasons for any non-compliance.

ARTICLE 18 AMENDMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF ANTI-DOPING RULES

18.1 These Anti-Doping Rules may be amended from time to time by the INBA.

18.2 Except as provided in Article 18.5, these Anti-Doping Rules shall be interpreted as an independent and autonomous text and not by reference to existing law or statutes.

18.3 The headings used for the various Parts and Articles of these Anti-Doping Rules are for convenience only and shall not be deemed part of the substance of these Anti-Doping Rules or to affect in any way the language of the provisions to which they refer.

18.4 The INTRODUCTION and the APPENDIX I DEFINITIONS shall be considered integral parts of these Anti-Doping Rules.

18.5 These Anti-Doping Rules have been adopted pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Code and shall be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with applicable provisions of the Code. The comments annotating various provisions of the Code may, where applicable, assist in the understanding and interpretation of these Anti-Doping Rules.

18.6 Notice to an Athlete or other Person who is a member of a National Federation may be accomplished by delivery of the notice to the National Federation.

18.7 These Anti-Doping Rules shall not apply retrospectively to matters pending before the date these Anti-Doping Rules came into effect.

APPENDIX 1 - DEFINITIONS

Adverse Analytical Finding. A report from a laboratory or other approved Testing entity that identifies in a Specimen the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers (including elevated quantities of endogenous substances) or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited Method.

Anti-Doping Organization. A Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other Major Event Organizations that conduct Testing at their Events, WADA, International Federations, and National Anti-Doping Organizations.

Athlete. For purposes of Doping Control, any Person who participates in sport at the international level (as defined by each International Federation) or national level (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization) and any additional Person who participates in sport at a lower level if designated by the Person's National Anti-Doping Organization. For purposes of anti-doping information and education, any Person who participates in sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports organization accepting the Code.

Athlete Support Personnel. Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official, medical or para-medical personnel working with or treating Athletes participating in or preparing for sports competition.

Attempt. Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in the commission of an anti-doping rule violation. Provided, however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation based solely on an Attempt to commit a violation if the Person renunciates the attempt prior to it being discovered by a third party not involved in the Attempt.

Between-Competition. Any Doping Control which is not In-Competition.

Code. The World Anti-Doping Code.

Competition. A single race, match, game or singular athletic contest.

Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations. An Athlete's or other Person's violation of an anti-doping rule may result in one or more of the following: (a) Disqualification means the Athlete's results in a particular Competition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete or other Person is barred for a specified period of time from participating in any Competition or other activity or funding as provided in Article 10.9; [and (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other Person is barred temporarily from participating in any Competition prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing).]

Disqualification. See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations above.

Doping Control. The process including test distribution planning, Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, results management, hearings and appeals.

Event. A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Olympic Games, FINA World Championships, or Pan American Games).

In-Competition. Refers to tests conducted on the day of the contest.

Independent Observer Program. A team of observers, under the supervision of WADA, who observe the Doping Control process at certain Events and report on observations. If WADA is testing In-Competition at an Event, the observers shall be supervised by an independent organization.

Ineligibility. See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations above.

International Event. An Event where the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, an International Federation, a Major Event Organization, or another international sport organization is the ruling body for the Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event.

International-Level Athlete. Athletes designated by one or more International Federations as being within the Registered Testing Pool for an International Federation.

International Standard. A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code. Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly.

Major Event Organizations. This term refers to the continental associations of National Olympic Committees and other international multi-sport organizations that function as the ruling body for any continental, regional or other International Event.

Marker. A compound, group of compounds or biological parameters that indicates the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

Metabolite. Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.

Minor. A natural Person who has not reached the age of majority as established by the applicable laws of his or her country of residence.

National Anti-Doping Organization. The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti-doping rules, direct the collection of Samples, the management of test results, and the conduct of hearings, all at the national level. If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country's National Olympic Committee or its designee.

National Event. A sport Event involving international or national-level Athletes that is not an International Event.

National Federation. A national or regional entity which is a member of or is recognized by INBA as the entity governing the INBA's sport in that nation or region.

National Olympic Committee. The organization recognized by the International Olympic Committee. The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti-doping area.

No Advance Notice. A Doping Control which takes place with no advance warning to the Athlete and where the Athlete is continuously chaperoned from the moment of notification through Sample provision.

No Fault or Negligence. The Athlete's establishing that he or she did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she had Used or been administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

No Significant Fault or Negligence. The Athlete's establishing that his or her fault or negligence, when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria for No Fault or Negligence, was not significant in relationship to the anti-doping rule violation.

Out-of-Competition. The INBA considers an INBA athlete is not out of competition until they resign or their membership expires. Testing conducted outside the contest day (in-competition) is referred as Between-Competition Testing.

Participant. Any Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel.

Person. A natural Person or an organization or other entity.

Possession. The actual, physical possession, or the constructive possession (which shall be found only if the person has exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance/Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance/Method exists); provided, however, that if the person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance/Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance/Method exists, constructive possession shall only be found if the person knew about the presence of the Prohibited Substance/Method and intended to exercise control over it. Provided, however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation based solely on possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind that the Person has committed an anti-doping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the Person no longer intends to have Possession and has renounced the Person's previous Possession.

Prohibited List. The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.

Prohibited Method. Any method so described on the Prohibited List.

Prohibited Substance. Any substance so described on the Prohibited List.

Provisional Hearing. For purposes of Article 7.5, an expedited abbreviated hearing occurring prior to a hearing under Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing) that provides the Athlete with notice and an opportunity to be heard in either written or oral form.

[Provisional Suspension. See Consequences above.]

Publicly Disclose or Publicly Report. To disseminate or distribute information to the general public or persons beyond those persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 14.

Registered Testing Pool. The pool of top level Athletes established separately by each International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization who are subject to both In-Competition and Between-Competition Testing as part of that International Federation's or Organization's test distribution plan.

Sample/Specimen. Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control.

Signatories. Those entities signing the Code and agreeing to comply with the Code, including the International Olympic Committee, International Federations, International Paralympic Committee, National Olympic Committees, National Paralympic Committees, Major Event Organizations, National Anti-Doping Organizations, and WADA.

Tampering. Altering for an improper purpose or in an improper way; bringing improper influence to bear; interfering improperly to alter results or prevent normal procedures from occurring.

Target Testing. Selection of Athletes for Testing where specific Athletes or groups of Athletes are selected on a non-random basis for Testing at a specified time.

Team Sport. A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition.

Testing. The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.

Trafficking. To sell, give, administer, transport, send, deliver or distribute a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method to an Athlete either directly or through one or more third parties, but excluding the sale or distribution (by medical personnel or by Persons other than an Athlete's Support Personnel) of a Prohibited Substance for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes.

Use. The application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

WADA. The World Anti-Doping Agency.